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Annualized failure rate (AFR) gives the estimated probability that a device or component will fail during a full year of use. It is a relation between the mean time between failure (MTBF) and the hours that a number of devices are run per year. AFR is estimated from a sample of like components—AFR and MTBF as given by vendors are population statistics that can not predict the behaviour of an individual unit. ==Hard disk drives== For example, AFR is used to characterize the reliability of hard disk drives. The relationship between AFR and MTBF is:〔 : This equation assumes that the drives are powered on for the full 8760 hours of a year, and gives the estimated fraction of an original sample of drives that will suffer from disk failures, or, equivalently, 1 − AFR is the fraction of drives that will show no failures over a year. It is based on an exponential failure distribution (see Failure rate for a full derivation). This can be approximated by, assuming a small AFR, : (expressed in %). For example, a common specification for PATA and SATA drives may be 300,000 MTBF, giving a theoretical 2.92% annualized failure rate i.e. a 2.92% chance that a given drive will fail during a year of use. The AFR for a drive is derived from time-to-fail data from a reliability-demonstration test (RDT).〔.〕 AFR will increase towards and beyond the end of the service life of a device or component. Google's 2007 study found, based on a large field sample of drives, that actual AFRs for individual drives ranged from 1.7% for first year drives to over 8.6% for three-year-old drives.〔.〕 A CMU 2007 study showed an estimated 3% mean AFR over 1–5 years based on replacement logs for a large sample of drives.〔.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Annualized failure rate」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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